Deepawali, commonly known as Diwali, is one of the most cherished festivals in India, celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy. Marking the victory of light over darkness and good over evil, Diwali transcends religious boundaries, bringing people together in celebration. What makes Diwali truly special is its diverse regional variations. Each state in India has its own unique customs, rituals, and traditions that enrich the festival, showcasing the country’s cultural diversity. Let’s take a journey across India to explore how Deepawali is celebrated in different states, highlighting the unique traditions that make each celebration distinct.
This is 4th Blog in series of total 16 blogs which explores the Deepawali Across India-Regional Variations
Uttar Pradesh-The Land of Lord Rama, The Heart of Diwali
In Uttar Pradesh, particularly in Ayodhya, Deepawali is steeped in historical significance. This is the birthplace of Lord Rama, and the festival commemorates his return from exile after defeating Ravana. The grand celebrations in Ayodhya, known as “Deepotsav,” are nothing short of magical. Thousands of diyas are lit along the banks of the Sarayu River, creating a breathtaking sight. The local administration organizes grand events, including cultural performances and fireworks, to celebrate this momentous occasion.
On the main day, families perform puja to honor Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha. Traditional sweets like “laddoos” and “barfis” are prepared and shared among family and friends. The festivities often last several days, with each day featuring unique rituals, such as the cleansing of homes and the decoration of entrances with colorful rangoli designs.
Maharashtra – The Festive Feast
Maharashtra celebrates Diwali with a blend of spirituality and festivity. The festival kicks off with “Dhanteras,” a day dedicated to purchasing precious metals and household items, symbolizing wealth and prosperity. On “Naraka Chaturdashi,” also known as “Choti Diwali,” people wake up early to take a cleansing bath and perform rituals to cleanse their souls.
The main day of Diwali is celebrated with the worship of Goddess Lakshmi. Homes are adorned with lights and rangoli, creating a festive ambiance. One of the unique aspects of Maharashtrian Diwali is the preparation of “Faral,” a variety of traditional snacks and sweets. Popular items include “chaklis,” “karanji,” and “nankhatai.” The practice of exchanging these delicacies with neighbors and friends enhances community bonds.
In Maharashtra, bursting firecrackers is a popular tradition, adding to the festive spirit. The vibrant celebrations, combined with the aroma of festive treats, create an atmosphere of joy and togetherness.
Gujarat – A Festival of Joy
In Gujarat, Diwali is a time for vibrant celebrations and joyous gatherings. The festivities begin with “Navratri,” where traditional dances like Garba and Dandiya are performed, and continue into Deepawali. The day before Diwali is celebrated as “Vagh Baras,” honoring cattle and seeking blessings for prosperity.
On the main day, families perform Lakshmi Puja and light diyas around their homes. One of the standout features of Diwali in Gujarat is the preparation of “Diwali Faral,” an assortment of savory snacks and sweets. Families exchange these treats with friends and neighbors, emphasizing the spirit of sharing and community.
Gujaratis also have a tradition of creating elaborate rangoli designs using colored powders, rice, or flower petals. The festival culminates with bursting firecrackers, filling the night sky with color and sound, further enhancing the celebratory mood.
Punjab – Bandi Chhor Divas
In Punjab, Diwali coincides with “Bandi Chhor Divas,” which commemorates the release of Guru Hargobind Ji from imprisonment. Sikhs celebrate this occasion with great fervor. The main celebrations take place at gurdwaras, where prayers are offered, and lamps are lit to signify the victory of light over darkness.
The Golden Temple in Amritsar is especially magnificent during Diwali, adorned with thousands of lights. Families come together to share delicious traditional dishes and sweets, such as “gulab jamun” and “barfi.” The community spirit is strong, with people visiting each other’s homes to share festive treats and blessings.
West Bengal – Kali Puja
In West Bengal, the focus shifts from Lakshmi to Kali during Diwali, as the festival is also known for the worship of Goddess Kali. The night of Deepawali is dedicated to performing “Kali Puja,” where devotees seek blessings for strength and protection. Homes are decorated with lights and flowers, and elaborate idols of Kali are set up for worship.
The rituals involve offerings of sweets, rice, and other delicacies, emphasizing a connection to the divine. After the puja, families feast on traditional Bengali sweets, such as “sandesh” and “rosogolla.” The atmosphere is vibrant, filled with cultural performances, music, and dance, celebrating both the goddess and the spirit of the festival.
Tamil Nadu – A Festival of New Beginnings
In Tamil Nadu, Diwali is celebrated as “Deepavali” and is considered an auspicious time for new beginnings. The festival starts early in the morning with a ritualistic oil bath, believed to cleanse the body and soul. People wear new clothes and light lamps to invite prosperity and happiness.
Homes are decorated with colorful kolams, intricate designs made from rice flour, adorning entrances. The day is marked by worshipping Goddess Lakshmi, followed by the sharing of special dishes like “venn pongal” and sweets such as “adhirasam.” The celebrations often include bursting firecrackers, creating an exciting atmosphere for families.
Karnataka – A Family Reunion
In Karnataka, Deepawali is a time for family reunions and celebration. The festival is marked by cleaning and decorating homes, performing pujas, and lighting lamps. The preparations include making traditional sweets and snacks, with “karanji” being a favorite.
Families come together to perform rituals, sharing stories and laughter as they celebrate. The essence of Deepawali in Karnataka lies in the spirit of togetherness and the joy of being with loved ones. Fireworks light up the night sky, adding to the festive atmosphere.
Conclusion
Deepawali is a festival that unites people across India, yet each region adds its unique flavor to the celebrations. From the historical significance in Ayodhya to the spiritual essence in Punjab and the vibrant customs in Gujarat, the diversity of Deepawali enriches the cultural fabric of India.